Sideshow Bob
- "Hello, Bart."
- ―Bob's catchphrase
For others named Sideshow Bob, see Sideshow Bob (disambiguation).
Robert Underdunk Terwilliger, Jr.
| ||||||||||||||
Character Information
|
Robert "Bob" Underdunk Terwilliger, Jr., better known by his stage name, Sideshow Bob, is a self-proclaimed genius, member of the Republican Party, champion of high culture, Bart's archnemesis and former children's entertainer turned criminal mastermind.
Contents
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 Early Life & Career
- 1.2 Turn to Crime
- 1.3 Life in prison & Relationship with Selma
- 1.4 Revenge
- 1.5 Political career
- 1.6 Blowing up Springfield
- 1.7 Redemption
- 1.8 Assassinating Krusty
- 1.9 Helping The Simpsons
- 1.10 Life in Italy
- 1.11 Faked Death
- 1.12 Homer Simpson's disappearance
- 1.13 Plastic Surgery Plan
- 2 Character
- 3 Behind the Laughter
- 4 Trivia
- 5 Appearances
- 6 References
Biography
Early Life & Career
Little is known of Bob's early life, however his career as a children's entertainer started as the non-speaking sidekick on Krusty the Clown's television show. Bob only received the job after his younger brother Cecil failed an audition, because Krusty considered Bob to be a perfect comic foil [1].
Turn to Crime
After repeated instances of abuse, including being shot from a cannon and hit constantly with pies, Bob became angry at Krusty and resentful of the clown's success.
Enough of Krusty's torment, Bob framed Krusty for armed robbery of the Kwik-E-Mart. After Krusty is arrested, Bob takes control of the show, introducing children to elements of high culture. However, Bob's reign is short-lived; Bart Simpson exposes the plan, Krusty is released, and Bob is sent to jail, but not before swearing vengeance on Bart [2].
Life in prison & Relationship with Selma
During his time in prison, Bob won an Emmy for his role on The Krusty the Clown Show, but his award was confiscated by the prison guards. Bob took part in a prisoner dating service, and went into a relationship with Selma Bouvier, the aunt of Bart. After he was released from prison, he proposed and married Selma, despite Bart's protests. As part of a scheme to inherit money she has invested in the stock market, Bob attempted to blow Selma up during their honeymoon. However, Bart again foiled the plan and Sideshow Bob returns to prison, exclaiming that as soon as the Democrats were back in office, he and all his criminal buddies would be back on the streets[3]. Ironically, he'd run as a Republican in a later episode.
Revenge
After being paroled from prison, Bob targeted Bart directly, threatening him repeatedly and forced the Simpsons to move to Terror Lake as part of the Witness Relocation Program. Bob followed them to their houseboat and, after subduing the family, prepared to kill Bart. He allows a final request, however, and Bart asks to hear the entire score of H.M.S. Pinafore. The delaying tactic lead to Bob's third arrest [4].
Political career
Bob was released from prison once again after conservative commentator Birch Barlow convinced the public that Bob was a political prisoner. After being released, he ran for Mayor of Springfield on a Republican Party ticket. He defeated liberal incumbent Joe Quimby in a landslide, and used his power as mayor to propose the demolition of the Simpsons house to make way for an Expressway, and sent Bart back to Kindergarten. Bart and Lisa later discover that Bob rigged the election, leading to another incarceration [5].
Blowing up Springfield
During his prison sentence, he began to develop a growing dislike of television, calling it "a fountain of mindless drivel". While doing community service at an Air Force Base before an annual air show, Bob escaped from his work duty and sneaks into a hangar in the base disguised as an officer, where he found a Nuclear device. During the air show, coincidentally being attended by the Simpsons family, Bob appeared on the television screens and threatened to blow up Springfield with a nuclear bomb unless the city stops broadcasting all television shows. When confronted by Bart and Lisa, the bomb is discovered to be a dud, and Sideshow Bob instead kidnaps Bart and hijacks the Wright Flier, planning to crash the Flier onto a shack where Krusty was broadcasting an impromptu TV show. However, the plan fails, and Bob returned to prison [6].
Redemption
During yet another prison sentence, Bob took advantage of the prison's Christian outreach program, and appeared to be genuinely redeemed. Reverend Lovejoy declared him a changed man and recommended him for a work release opportunity. Bob is discharged from prison into the care of his brother Cecil, who was Springfield's chief hydrological and hydrodynamical engineer. However, the scheming Cecil, still smarting over his failed audition for Krusty, tried to frame Bob by sabotaging the Springfield Dam. Bob, Bart, and Lisa together stopped Cecil and saved the town. However, both brothers were sent to prison despite Bob's genuine innocence[7].
Assassinating Krusty
When Krusty announces his retirement due to low ratings, Bob discovered from prison that Krusty has erased all of the early shows featuring Sideshow Bob. Bob is released from prison and developed a plot to kill Krusty. Using his new job as an intercom announcer at Springfield Elementary, he corners Bart in a shack off the school playground and hypnotized and brainwashed Bart, planned to use him as a suicide bomber during Krusty's final retirement show. However, when he overhears Krusty express regret about mistreating him, Bob decides to abort his plan, and although he is returned to prison for attempted murder, Krusty thanks him due to the fact that his show's ratings soar back up every time Bob tries to kill him. Sideshow Bob, as a result of his attempted murder, was also originally going to be executed by the Guillotine, but Bob reminded Chief Wiggum that he was supposed to get a trial before committing the execution, causing it to be revoked and spend time in Jail [8].
Helping The Simpsons
After a murder attempt is made on Homer Simpson's life, Bob was temporarily released from prison to help find the culprit, much to the dismay and horror of Bart and Lisa. To keep him from trying to commit crimes, the police attach a shock garter to Bob's leg and gives the family a remote that shocks Bob at the push of the button, which proves effective. However, the family, mainly Bart, misuse the purpose of the remote, shocking Bob just for being too smart. During the course of the case, Bob actually saved Homer after an attempt on his life. When the mystery is solved, he returned to the Simpsons home to murder Bart. However, Bob found that he was "accustomed to Bart's face" and cannot do it [9].
Life in Italy
Bob did not return to prison and decided to move to Italy in order to make a fresh start. After gaining fame for his wine (his exceptionally large feet made him a perfect grape crusher), he became the mayor of the town. He married a local woman named Francesca, with whom he has a son named Gino. The Simpson family encountered him by chance after coming to Italy to retrieve a car for Mr. Burns. Bob welcomes them with hospitality on the condition that they not reveal his felonious past; however, a drunken Lisa (drunken on wine, yes) jokes about Bob's criminal deeds, alienating Bob from his citizens. He, his wife and son swear a vendetta on the Simpsons [10].
Faked Death
On another attempt at Bart's life, Bob lured the Simpsons family into a fake rib restaurant, and tied the entire family up, planning to kill them with the explosion of an overheating laptop next to a pile of TNT. After Bob misquoted several lines on Shakespeare, Lisa managed to trick him into checking a line from a Shakespeare play on Wikipedia, resulting the laptop to explode on his hands.
During the trial, Bob's father, Robert Terwilliger Sr., testified on the stand, explaining that Bob had a rare heart condition, and also suggests that Sideshow Bob is insane because of his long-standing feud with Bart. This convinced Springfield that in the long-run Bart is ultimately to blame, and they turn against him. As Bart pleads his innocence, Bob takes out a vial labeled nitroglycerin, which Bart snatches and throws out the window, thinking it was an explosive. The vial was actually Bob's heart medication and he collapsed on the floor, unconscious, and was pronounced dead. In reality, Bob was actually faking his death and put in a temporarily death like state, as his father injected him with a anesthesia. His entire family was assisting him to kill Bart. When a guilty Bart visits his coffin while being led by Cecil, Bob leaped out of the coffin and trapped Bart inside, to be cremated inside the coffin. The Simpsons family save Bart just in time by blinding Bob with unclaimed ashes. Bob's entire family, including his Italian wife and child, and his brother and parents, were sentenced to an 87 year prison term, and Bob was put in a straitjacket.
Homer Simpson's disappearance
Sideshow Bob was briefly seen escaping from prison and visited Krusty the Clown for the week. Bart and Lisa traced Sideshow Bob to a cabin thinking he was prepped up to kill Homer Simpson (Homer went missing at Marge's third wedding and thought Sideshow Bob was the culprit due to a clue, keys with the letters "SB" on it, being left in the groom's room.), only to discover that he was actually trying to aerate a bust of Krusty that he was sculpting. Krusty also explains that Sideshow Bob couldn't have kidnapped Homer Simpson because Bob was with Krusty the whole day. When Lisa questions him about the keychain, he explains that, although it's nice that they thought of him, the initials don't just pertain to him, and gives a list of people whom "SB" could refer to, including Selma Bouvier, the actual culprit.[11] Eventually, he managed to return to jail again (exactly how or why is never explained), where he is bullied by Snake.[12]
Plastic Surgery Plan
Character
Appearance
He also has unusually large feet which helped Bart find out Krusty was Framed By Bob himself (they actually fill his oversized clown shoes). Apparently, if he needs to disguise himself, he can actually fold his feet just to wear "normal" shoes.[14] He is tall with slender limbs and a plump paunch. His favourite weapon is a carving knife, which he is regularly depicted holding. He was born on October 11, 1957. He is also 41 years old, and has been on the show from 1984-1990.
Hair
Sideshow Bob's defining feature is his curly, palm tree shaped red hair. His hair is exceedingly long when wet, pulled or brushed. It tends to recoil and bounce back into shape with great ease. He used to wear his hair in a sphere sort of shape.
Tattoos
Sideshow Bob has various tattoos all over his body:
- Chest: The words, "Die Bart, Die" (which he pretends in court is meant to be German for "The Bart, The")
- Back: Bart's Head (decapitated) on his skateboard, with a speech bubble, saying, "Ouch, Man!"
- Knuckles: "Luv" (right hand) and "Hāt" (left hand)
- ā is sometimes used as a long 'A' sound, so phoenetically the above is pronounced 'Hate'
- Upper Left Arm: Skull & Crossbones
- Upper Right Arm: Knife
The tattoos have generally not been shown since, though it has not been confirmed if they have been removed.
Personality
Sideshow Bob in a way-mirrors Hannibal Lecter - a psychopath, who could recite Shakespeare by heart, while stabbing you with his knife.
Sideshow Bob enjoys the finer things in life, including reading classical literature. Likely due to his upbringing, he has a passion for theatre, knowing Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore off by heart as well as Shakespeare's works. In contrast to his love of the 'higher pleasures', he despises television and other 'low class' things, which gives him a rather snobbish attitude. Ironically, in his time when he was a Master Criminal, he studied the uses of Dynamite, which would theoretically be considered low class.
Beneath the cultured gentlemen is the heart of a cold blooded killer; Bob is a man who thinks nothing of hurting others to get what he wants, even if this includes himself. Bob's primary motive seems to be revenge; his original crime (framing Krusty the Clown) was an attempt to get back at him for making a clumsy fool of Bob for years as his sidekick, and most of his other crimes have been attempts at murdering Bart Simpson for foiling him. However, he has made several attempts at acquiring money and/or power, such as when he tried to kill Selma Bouvier or run a campaign for mayor as a republican (if for no other reason than to make the Simpsons miserable).
Despite his cold-blooded status, he does at times attempt to change. A notable instance was when he was released by Cecil and fully intended to change his past felon ways (even having reluctance at hurting Bart, his worst enemy)[15]Family
Bob has a brother named Cecil, who was jealous of Bob for stealing his role during his audition for the Krusty the Klown Show and tried to frame Bob for fraud [16]. His parents are Robert Terwilliger and Dame Judith Underdunk [17]. After moving to Italy and becoming mayor of a small Italian village, Bob had a wife named Francesca and a son named Gino [18]. When Homer must go to Italy to get Mr. Burn's new sports car, they just happen to stop in Bob's village. Bob tries to hide his past from his new wife but is unable, contrary to Bob's fear, his wife and son try and help him kill Bart
Enemies
Krusty the Clown
Sideshow Bob declared himself an enemy of Krusty, as his role on the Krusty the Clown show was regularly cruel and demeaning. Since framing Krusty for armed robbery, Bob has attempted to kill him a couple of times. However, the last time Bob tries to, Krusty publicily confesses his regret for abusing him in his show by a singing a nice song for him as an apology, which touches Bob so much. With that in line, they seemed to bury the hatchet.
Bart Simpson
He became Bart's nemesis after Bart figured out he had framed Krusty, getting him sent to prison. Ever since then, Bob has been obsessed with killing Bart, constantly plotting his revenge in prison. The first few times he was released from jail, Sideshow Bob would carry out a plan to murder Bart, or count it as a 'bonus' to one of his other schemes (the sole exception being when he was released under the prison Christianity movement, where he attempted to atone for his sins, and most notably does not desire to even hurt Bart at all). Eventually, he finally has Bart at his mercy, but lets him go as he has become "accustomed to his face [19].
The closest thing Bob has to a catchphrase comes from this relationship: Sometimes Bob will reveal himself saying "Hello Bart" in a menacing tone, to which Bart (and sometimes Lisa, in unison) will exclaim "Ahhh! Sideshow Bob!".Rakes
Bob follows the Simpsons to their new home after they became a part of the Witness Protection Program. When he clambers out from beneath their car, he steps on the end of a rake lying on the ground, causing it to fly up and hit him in the face and he shudders. He turns away from it, only for the same to happen, as another rake is lying nearby. It turns out that there are many rakes in this area, as the event repeats itself for some time. He is repeatedly the target of the rake slapstick gag, causing him to declare rakes as his greatest foe "besides Bart Simpson". In The Simpsons Game, when Bob steps on one rake and it flies up and hits him in the face, it knocks him out. Bob was attempting to murder Bart at Five Corners, (the only place in America where 5 states meet) Bart causes him to hop back and forth from state to state until he jumps on a rake which then hits him in the face
Career
His occupation was to be Krusty's sidekick on the Krusty The Clown Show. He didn't even want the job: Bob accompanied his brother to the auditions, and unwittingly impressed Krusty enough to be hired on the spot. His job before this is unknown. He gave up on his sidekick job after he went to prison for framing Krusty, and has since become a master criminal (although the "master" part is spurious, as he has been repeatedly foiled by children. However, while being arrested the first time around, he is warning the adults to not look down on children as they were more intelligent than they appear as "they were smart enough to get me!", implying that Bart and Lisa may have had intelligence above most average kids.).
Behind the Laughter
Creation
Sideshow Bob first appeared in the background of a scene in the season one episode "The Telltale Head". In that appearance, his design was more simple and his hair was round in shape. His first major appearance was in season one's penultimate episode "Krusty Gets Busted". Bob's design was updated for the episode, and the animators tried to redo his scenes in "The Telltale Head" with the re-design, but did not have enough time.
For season three's "Black Widower", the writers decided to have Bob return to get revenge on Bart for foiling his plan in "Krusty Gets Busted". They took the idea of the Coyote chasing the Road Runner, and had Bob always inserting himself into Bart's life. However, he did not appear in every season because the writers were not always able to think of reasons to bring Bob back.
Voice
The script for "Krusty Gets Busted" called for James Earl Jones to voice Bob, but the producers instead went with Frasier actor Kelsey Grammer. Bob did not say anything during the first half of the episode, because the character always spoke with a slide whistle, and when he finally did speak, it would be a shock to hear Grammer's sophisticated voice. Grammer used his impression of Ellis Rabb, a man that Grammer had once worked for, for Bob's voice.
Appearance
Brad Bird first designed Bob for "Krusty Gets Busted". As the episode's animation progressed he made Bob sleeker, more urbane and refined, and worked with Grammer's voice. For "Black Widower", David Silverman updated the model to reflect the animation of Bird.
Name
Despite common fan belief that Bob was named after Terwilliger Boulevard in Portland, Oregon, he was actually named after the character Dr. Terwilliker from the film The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T.
Development
In twenty one seasons of The Simpsons, Sideshow Bob has been heavily featured in ten episodes. Kelsey Grammer initially thought that Bob would be a one-time character, and calls him "the most popular character I've ever played." The writers believe that Grammer has a great voice and try to create something for him to sing in each episode he appears in. Grammer usually comes in for table readings, although when he cannot, Greg Berger stands in for him. Former Executive producer David Mirkin found Grammer a joy to direct as he was very funny, but noted that he hates doing the evil Sideshow Bob laughs. A rule for the early episodes that featured Bob was that there had to be a recap of his evil deeds in case the viewers did not remember them. The concept was dropped in later episodes.
Sideshow Bob's theme, which is used whenever Bob gets out of prison, was first used in the season three episode "Black Widower", Bob's second episode. It is based on the score of the movie Cape Fear, which was composed by Elmer Bernstein. The musical score for "Cape Feare" earned composer Alf Clausen an Emmy Award nomination for "Outstanding Dramatic Underscore - Series" in 1994. Bob's prisoner number is often 24601, which is Jean Valjean's prisoner number in Les Misérables. Another trademark for Bob is to step on rakes, a joke that first appeared in "Cape Feare". In that episode, Bob stepped on nine consecutive rakes, which the writers added to fill up time. The sequence has become known as the "rake joke" and has been referred to as being "genius in its repetitive stupidity".
Grammer recorded lines for Sideshow Bob for The Simpsons Movie, but the scene in which he was to appear was cut.
Reception
In a 2006 article, IGN.com ranked Bob in second position on their list of the "Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters", citing that he is "a man of contradictions; his goofy appearance, complete with palm tree like hair, doesn't seem to match up to the well spoken and even musically talented maniac." Wizard Magazine rated Bob as the 66th greatest villain of all time.
Kelsey Grammer has received praise for his voicework and in 2006, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance as Bob in the episode "The Italian Bob". Grammer had previously won four in the Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series category for his portrayal of Frasier Crane on Frasier. In a 2007 interview, Simpsons executive producer Al Jean listed Grammer as his second favorite guest star, saying "his voice is so rich". Mike Bruno of Entertainment Weekly called Kelsey Grammer one of "fourteen guest stars whose standout performances on TV make us wish they'd turn up in a Simpsons Movie 2". David Hyde Pierce was also included in that list. Ben Rayner of the Toronto Star listed "Cape Feare", "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" and "Brother From Another Series" as being among the best episodes of the series, saying "Forget Frasier, these are Kelsey Grammer's best roles."
The production staff on The Simpsons are usually excited about "Sideshow Bob episodes" as the writers consider them a treat to write, and the directors think they are always crazy and fun for them to animate.
Many episodes featuring Bob have been well received by fans and critics. "Cape Feare", the third episode to feature Sideshow Bob, is generally regarded as one of the best episodes of The Simpsons, and according to Matt Groening, people often include it among their top 10 favorites. In Entertainment Weekly's top 25 The Simpsons episodes ever, it was placed third. In 2006, IGN.com named Cape Feare the best episode of the fifth season. Vanity Fair called it the show's fourth best episode in 2007, as "this episode's masterful integration of filmic parody and a recurring character puts it near the top."[30] Associated Content chose the score for this episode to be 11th place of all of The Simpsons episodes. Grammer's performance of H.M.S. Pinafore was later included on the album Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons. The season 17 episode "The Italian Bob" and its writer John Frink would win a Writers Guild of America Award in 2007 in the animation category.
Cultural influence
Bob was made into an action figure, and two different versions were included as part of the World of Springfield toy line. The first shows Bob as he was on The Krusty the Clown Show, and was released in 2001 as part of the Krustylu Studios "Wave three play set". The second, released in 2002, has him in the prison uniform he wore in "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming", and was a part of "wave nine".
Trivia
- Sideshow Bob is voiced by Kelsey Grammer who portrays Fraiser Crane in the show Fraiser. Meanwhile, Sideshow Bob's younger brother, Cecil, is voiced by David Hyde Peirce who portrays Fraiser's younger brother Niels on the show. Also, Bob and Cecil's father, Robert Terwilliger Sr., is voiced by John Mahoney who portrays Martin Crane, father of Fraiser and Niles Crane, in the show Fraiser.
Appearances
|
Other Appearances
Comics
Sideshow Bob has appeared in many Simpsons Comics. In one, for example, he was paroled from prison. Bob wanted to make more money, so he starts a small business- Sideshow Bob's VCR repair and pet sitting. In the back of the building was his school of crime- where he would teach other people to become criminals. He uses Nelson Muntz, Dolph Starbeam, Kearney Zzyzwicz, and Jimbo Jones to steal money from people all over town. Meanwhile, Bart xeroxes his butt, and is caught by Chief Wiggum. Wiggum knows about Bob's scheme, but he has no proof, so he tells Bart- "You wont get in trouble if you infiltrate his gang". Bart cannot say no, and joins the gang. Bob is planning to kill him, until Bart aces the test. Bob is very proud, and says that he will do his master scheme the next fay. Bart tells Chief Wiggum that he doesn't know what it is. The next day, Bob drives to the hospital, planning to kidnap Mr. Burns(Who is only there because of his love of children's tender organs). Nelson pushes Mr. Burns into a fake ambulance, where Bob drives away, but the police stand in front of them. Bob believes Bart called them, and prepares to kill Bart with a high powered drug. Bart shocks Bob, and the police take him away. Lisa says she called in the cops after following him here. They hug.
Non Canon
|
The contents of this article or section are considered to be non-canon and therefore may not have actually happened or existed. |
Ride
Sideshow Bob appears as the main antagonist in The Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios Parks.
Video-Games
Bart vs. the Space Mutants
Bob was included as a level boss in the 1991 video game Bart vs. the Space Mutants.
The Simpsons Road Rage
In The Simpsons Road Rage, there is a "Wanted" sign of Sideshow Bob in Evergreen Terrace. For some reason he is named as "Sideshow" Bob Roberts.
The Simpsons Game
Sideshow Bob appears at the end of Invasion of the Yokel-Snatchers to reveal himself as being in league with Kang and Kodos and prepares to do in Bart and Homer when he steps on a rake and knocks himself out.
References
|
Wikisimpsons has a collection of images related to Sideshow Bob. |
- ↑ Brother from Another Series
- ↑ Krusty Gets Busted
- ↑ Black Widower
- ↑ Cape Feare
- ↑ Sideshow Bob Roberts
- ↑ Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming
- ↑ Brother from Another Series
- ↑ Day of the Jackanapes
- ↑ The Great Louse Detective
- ↑ The Italian Bob
- ↑ Wedding for Disaster
- ↑ American History X-cellent
- ↑ The Bob Next Door
- ↑ The Bob Next Door
- ↑ Brother from Another Series
- ↑ Brother from Another Series
- ↑ Funeral for a Fiend
- ↑ The Italian Bob
- ↑ The Great Louse Detective
- ↑ The Telltale Head
The Krusty the Clown Show
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Main cast | ||
| Krusty the Clown • Sideshow Mel • Mr. Teeny | ||
| Other cast | ||
| Tina Ballerina • Clown doctor • Ms. No Means No • Corporal Punishment | ||
| Former cast | ||
| Sideshow Bob • Sideshow Leonard Cohen • Holly Hippie • Princess Penelope • Sideshow Luke Perry • Sideshow Raheem • Bart Simpson • Lisa Simpson • Sideshow Agent Tom Stovak | ||
| Guest cast | ||
| Battery • Professor Gas Can • George Meany • Robert Frost • Hyman Krustofsky • Miami Sound Machine • Madame Mimi • Ravi Shankar • Sophie • Stingy | ||
| Staff | ||
| Howard |
Terwilliger Family
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Tasha • Robert Terwilliger, Sr. • Judith Underdunk • Bob Terwilliger, Jr. • Cecil Terwilliger • Francesca Terwilliger • Gino Terwilliger • Neil Terwilliger |
Factfiles from Simpsons World the Ultimate Episode Guide: Seasons 1-20
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
