Les Misérables is a novel by French writer Victor Hugo, first published in 1862. Set in early 19th-century France, it follows Jean Valjean, a former prisoner seeking redemption while being pursued by police inspector Javert, and explores themes of justice, poverty, love, sacrifice, and social inequality. The novel has inspired numerous adaptations, including films, television series, stage plays, and musicals. Among its most notable adaptations is the musical by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg, which premiered in Paris in 1980 and opened in London in 1985, becoming one of the longest-running musicals in history. Other prominent adaptations include the 1935 film starring Fredric March, the 1998 film starring Liam Neeson, and the 2012 musical film directed by Tom Hooper, starring Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean and Russell Crowe as Javert.
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