Midnight Towboy/References

Cultural references

 * The episode title is a reference to the 1969 film Midnight Cowboy.
 * When Homer is seen singing Shout! while dressed in a toga, riding a motorbike down the stairs, it is a reference to Animal House, possibly extending to repeat usage of "Under the Boardwalk", by The Drifters.
 * When Homer cries, it is a reference to the phrase, don't cry over spilled milk.
 * Guidopolis is a reference to an Italian American life style called Guido.
 * Justin Timberwolf is a reference to Justine Timberlake.

Soundtrack

 * The song played when Homer drives into Guidopolis is "On the Dark Side" by John Cafferty and the Beaver Brown Band, which was featured on the soundtrack of the 1983 movie Eddie and the Cruisers.
 * The song played when Homer is being driven by Louie is "Cochise" by Audioslave.
 * The song played when Homer is trapped in Louie's basement with the other captives is "Under the Boardwalk", by The Drifters.